Contents
Comparison table of Dutch letters and hangul
This is an unofficial translation. See the original in Korean on the National Institute of the Korean Language website.Consonants
Letter | Hangul: before vowel | Hangul: before consonant or word-final | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
b | ㅂ b | ㅂ p, 브 beu, 프 peu | Borst 보르스트 Boreuseuteu, Bram 브람 Beuram, Jacob 야코프 Yakopeu |
c | ㅋ k | ㄱ k | Campen 캄펀 Kampeon, Nicolaas 니콜라스 Nikollaseu, topic 토픽 topik, scrupel 스크뤼펄 seukeurwipeol |
ㅅ s | cyaan 시안 sian, Ceelen 세일런 Seilleon | ||
ch | ㅎ h | 흐 heu | Volcher 폴허르 Polheoreu, Utrecht 위트레흐트 Witeureheuteu |
d | ㄷ d | ㅅ t, 드 deu, 트 teu | Delft 델프트 Delpeuteu, Edgar 엣하르 Ethareu [sic], Hendrik 헨드릭 Hendeurik, Helmond 헬몬트 Helmonteu |
f | ㅍ p | 프 peu | Flevoland 플레볼란트 Peullebollanteu, Graaf 흐라프 Heurapeu |
g | ㅎ h | 흐 heu | Goes 후스 Huseu, Limburg 림뷔르흐 Rimbwireuheu |
h | ㅎ h | — | Heineken 헤이네컨 Heinekeon, Hendrik 헨드릭 Hendeurik |
j | 이* i/y | — | Jongkind 용킨트 Yongkinteu, Jan 얀 Yan, Jeroen 예룬 Yerun |
k | ㅋ k | ㄱ k, 크 keu | Kok 콕 Kok, Alkmaar 알크마르 Alkeumareu, Zierikzee 지릭제이 Jirikjei |
kw (qu) | 크ㅂ keub | — | kwaliteit 크발리테이트 keuballiteiteu, kwellen 크벨런 keubelleon, kwitantie 크비탄시 keubitansi |
l | ㄹ r, ㄹㄹ ll | ㄹ l | Lasso 라소 Raso, Friesland 프리슬란트 Peuriseullanteu, sabel 사벌 sabeol |
m | ㅁ m | ㅁ m | Meerssen 메이르선 Meireuseon, Zalm 잘름 Jalleum |
n | ㄴ n | ㄴ n | Nijmegen 네이메헌 Neimeheon, Jansen 얀선 Yanseon |
ng | ㅇ ng | ㅇ ng | Inge 잉어 Ing’eo, Groningen 흐로닝언 Heuroning’eon |
p | ㅍ p | ㅂ p, 프 peu | Peper 페퍼르 Pepeoreu, Kapteyn 캅테인 Kaptein, Koopmans 코프만스 Kopeumanseu |
r | ㄹ r | 르 reu | Rotterdam 로테르담 Rotereudam, Asser 아서르 Aseoreu |
s | ㅅ s | 스 seu | Spinoza 스피노자 Seupinoja, Hals 할스 Halseu |
sch | 스ㅎ seuh | 스 seu | Schiphol 스히폴 Seuhipol [sic], Escher 에스허르 Eseuheoreu [sic], typisch 티피스 tipiseu |
sj | 시* si/sy | 시 si | sjaal 샬 syal, huisje 하위셔 hawisyeo, ramsj 람시 ramsi, fetisj 페티시 petisi |
t | ㅌ t | ㅅ t, 트 teu | Tinbergen 틴베르헌 Tinbereuheon, Gerrit 헤릿 Herit, Petrus 페트뤼스 Peteurwiseu |
ts | ㅊ ch | 츠 cheu | Aartsen 아르천 Areucheon, Beets 베이츠 Beicheu |
v | ㅂ b, ㅍ p | 브 beu | Veltman 펠트만 Pelteuman, Einthoven 에인트호번 Einteuhobeon, Weltevree 벨테브레이 Beltebeurei |
w | ㅂ b | — | Wim 빔 Bim |
y | 이 i | 이 i | cyaan 시안 sian, Lyonnet 리오넷 Rionet, typisch 티피스 tipiseu, Verwey 페르베이 Pereubei |
z | ㅈ j | — | Zeeman 제이만 Jeiman, Huizinga 하위징아 Hawijing’a [sic] |
Vowels
Letter | Hangul | Examples |
---|---|---|
a | 아 a | Asser 아서르 Aseoreu, Frans 프란스 Peuranseu |
e | 에 e, 어 eo | Egmont 에흐몬트 Eheumonteu, Frederik 프레데릭 Peurederik, Heineken 헤이네컨 Heinekeon, Lubbers 뤼버르스 Rwibeoreuseu, Campen 캄펀 Kampeon |
i | 이 i | Nicolaas 니콜라스 Nikollaseu, Tobias 토비아스 Tobiaseu |
ie | 이 i | Pieter 피터르 Piteoreuseu, Vries 프리스 Peuriseu |
o | 오 o, 우 u | Onnes 오너스 Oneoseu, Vondel 폰덜 Pondeol |
oe | 우 u | Boer 부르 Bureu, Boerhaave 부르하버 Bureuhabeo |
u | 위 wi | Utrecht 위트레흐트 Witeureheuteu, Petrus 페트뤼스 Peteurwiseu |
eu | 외 oe | Europort [sic] (should be Europoort) 외로포르트 Oeroporeuteu, Deurne 되르너 Doereuneo |
uw | 위 wi | ruw 뤼 rwi, duwen 뒤언 dwieon, Euwen 에위언 Ewieon [sic] |
Diphthongs
Letter | Hangul | Examples |
---|---|---|
ou(w), au(w) | 아우 au | Bouts 바우츠 Baucheu, Bouwman 바우만 Bauman, Paul 파울 Paul, Lauwersmeer 라우에르스메이르 Rauereuseumeireu |
ei, ij | 에이 ei | Heike 헤이커 Heikeo, Bolkestein 볼케스테인 Bolkeseutein, Ijssel [sic] (should be IJssel) 에이설 Eiseol |
ui (uy) | 아위 awi | Huizinga 하위징아 Hawijing’a [sic], Zuid-Holland 자위트홀란트 Jawiteuhollanteu, Buys 바위스 Bawiseu |
aai | 아이 ai | draaien 드라이언 deuraieon, fraai 프라이 peurai, zaait 자이트 jaiteu, Maaikes 마이커스 Maikeoseu |
ooi | 오이 oi | Booisman 보이스만 Boiseuman, Hooites 호이터스 Hoiteoseu |
oei | 우이 u’i | Boeijinga 부잉아 Bu’ing’a [sic], moeite 무이터 mu’iteo |
eeuw | 에이우 eiu | Leeuwenhoek 레이우엔훅 Reiuenhuk, Meeuwes 메이우어스 Meiueoseu |
ieuw | 이우 iu | Lieuwma 리우마 Riuma, Rieuwers 리우어르스 Riueoreuseu |
* When 이 i for ‘j’ or 시 si for ‘sj’ is combined with a following vowel, write them as one syllable.
Transcription of Dutch
This is an unofficial translation. See the original in Korean on the National Institute of the Korean Language website.Follow the table and transcribe according to the following specificities.
-
- Write the voiceless plosives ‘p, t, k’ as syllable codas ㅂ p, ㅅ t, ㄱ k respectively before a consonant or word-finally. However, if the preceding vowel is a diphthong or a long vowel (written with the vowel letter doubled), or if the consonant before or after is a liquid or a nasal, write the as 프 peu, 트 teu, 크 keu.
- Wit 빗 Bit
- Gennip 헤닙 Henip
- Kapteyn 캅테인 Kaptein
- september 셉템버르 septembeoreu
- Petrus 페트뤼스 Peteurwiseu
- Arcadelt 아르카덜트 Areukadeolteu [sic]
- Hoop 호프 Hopeu
- Eijkman 에이크만 Eikeuman
- Write the voiceless plosives ‘p, t, k’ as syllable codas ㅂ p, ㅅ t, ㄱ k respectively before a consonant or word-finally. However, if the preceding vowel is a diphthong or a long vowel (written with the vowel letter doubled), or if the consonant before or after is a liquid or a nasal, write the as 프 peu, 트 teu, 크 keu.
-
- Write the voiced plosives ‘b, d’ as 프 peu, 트 teu respectively word-finally. Word-medially, if the consonant before or after is a liquid or a nasal, or if the preceding vowel is a diphthong or a long vowel (written with the vowel letter doubled), write them as 브 beu, 드 deu. Otherwise, write them as syllable codas ㅂ p, ㅅ t.
- Bram 브람 Beuram
- Hendrik 헨드릭 Hendeurik
- Jakob 야코프 Yakopeu
- Edgar 엣하르 Ethareu [sic]
- Zeeland 제일란트 Jeillanteu
- Koenraad 쿤라트 Kun-rateu → Kullateu
- Write the voiced plosives ‘b, d’ as 프 peu, 트 teu respectively word-finally. Word-medially, if the consonant before or after is a liquid or a nasal, or if the preceding vowel is a diphthong or a long vowel (written with the vowel letter doubled), write them as 브 beu, 드 deu. Otherwise, write them as syllable codas ㅂ p, ㅅ t.
-
- Write ‘v’ as ㅍ p, 프 peu word-initially, and write it as ㅂ b, 브 beu otherwise.
- Veltman 펠트만 Pelteuman
- Vries 프리스 Peuriseu
- Grave 흐라버 Heurabeo
- Weltevree 벨테브레이 Beltebeurei
- Write ‘v’ as ㅍ p, 프 peu word-initially, and write it as ㅂ b, 브 beu otherwise.
-
- As ‘c’ is used in loanwords, write as ㅋ k or ㅅ s according to the pronunciation in the language in question.
- Nicolaas 니콜라스 Nikollaseu
- Hendricus 헨드리퀴스 Hendeurikwiseu
- cyaan 시안 sian
- Franciscus 프란시스퀴스 Peuransiseukwiseu
- As ‘c’ is used in loanwords, write as ㅋ k or ㅅ s according to the pronunciation in the language in question.
-
- Write ‘g, ch’ as ㅎ h, but in loanwords, write them according to the pronunciation in the language in question.
- gulden 휠던 hwildeon
- Haag 하흐 Haheu
- Hooch 호흐 Hoheu
- Volcher 폴허르 Polheoreu
- Eugene 외젠 Oejen
- Michael 미카엘 Mika’el [sic]
- Write ‘g, ch’ as ㅎ h, but in loanwords, write them according to the pronunciation in the language in question.
-
- Write ‘-tie’ as 시 si.
- natie 나시 nasi
- politie 폴리시 pollisi
- Write ‘-tie’ as 시 si.
-
- If a word-medial ‘l’ comes before a vowel or a nasal not followed by a vowel, then write it as ㄹㄹ ll. However, write ‘l’ following a nasal as ㄹ r even if it comes before a vowel.
- Tiele 틸러 Tilleo
- Zalm 잘름 Jalleum
- Berlage 베를라허 Bereullaheo
- Venlo 펜로 Pen-ro → Pello
- If a word-medial ‘l’ comes before a vowel or a nasal not followed by a vowel, then write it as ㄹㄹ ll. However, write ‘l’ following a nasal as ㄹ r even if it comes before a vowel.
- ‘nk’
- Write ‘n’ as syllable coda ㅇ ng before ‘k’.
- Frank 프랑크 Peurangkeu
- Hiddink 히딩크 Hidingkeu
- Benk 벵크 Bengkeu
- Wolfswinkel 볼프스빙컬 Bolpeuseubingkeol
- Write ‘n’ as syllable coda ㅇ ng before ‘k’.
-
- Write doubled consonants as if they were not doubled.
- Hobbema 호베마 Hobema
- Ballot 발롯 Ballot
- Emmen 에먼 Emeon
- Gennip 헤닙 Henip
- Write doubled consonants as if they were not doubled.
-
- Write ‘e’ as 에 e. However, write the ‘e’ in the last syllable of polysyllabic words and word-final ‘e’ as 어 eo.
- Dennis 데니스 Deniseu
- Breda 브레다 Beureda
- Stevin 스테빈 Seutebin
- Peter 페터르 Peteoreu
- Heineken 헤이네컨 Heinekeon
- Campen 캄펀 Kampeon
- Write ‘e’ as 에 e. However, write the ‘e’ in the last syllable of polysyllabic words and word-final ‘e’ as 어 eo.
-
- Write doubled vowels as if they were not doubled. However, write ‘ee’ as 에이 ei.
- Hooch 호흐 Hoheu
- Mondriaan 몬드리안 Mondeurian
- Kees 케이스 Keiseu
- Meerssen 메이르선 Meireuseon
- Write doubled vowels as if they were not doubled. However, write ‘ee’ as 에이 ei.
-
- Write ‘-ig’ as 어흐 eoheu.
- tachtig 타흐터흐 taheuteoheu
- hartig 하르터흐 hareuteoheu
- Write ‘-ig’ as 어흐 eoheu.
-
- Write ‘-berg’ as 베르흐 bereuheu.
- Duisenberg 다위센베르흐 Dawisenbereuheu
- Mengelberg 멩엘베르흐 Meng’elbereuheu
- Write ‘-berg’ as 베르흐 bereuheu.
-
- Write ‘over-‘ as 오버르 obeoreu.
- Overijssel 오버레이설 Obeoreiseol
- overkomst 오버르콤스트 obeoreukomseuteu
- Write ‘over-‘ as 오버르 obeoreu.
-
- Write the vowels ‘è, é, ê, ë’ as 에 e and ‘ï’ as 이 이.
- carré 카레 kare
- casuïst 카수이스트 kasu’iseuteu [sic]
- drieëntwintig 드리엔트빈터흐 deurienteubinteoheu
- Write the vowels ‘è, é, ê, ë’ as 에 e and ‘ï’ as 이 이.
Loanword Transcription Rules |