Contents
Comparison table of Malay/Indonesian letters and hangul
This is an unofficial translation. See the original in Korean on the National Institute of the Korean Language website.Consonants
| Letter | Hangul: before vowel | Hangul: before consonant or word-final | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | ㅂ b | ㅂ p, 브 beu | Bali 발리 Balli, Abdul 압둘 Apdul, Najib 나집 Najip, Bromo 브로모 Beuromo |
| c | ㅊ ch | 츠 cheu | Ceto 체토 Cheto, Aceh 아체 Ache, Mac 마츠 Macheu |
| d | ㄷ d | ㅅ t, 드 deu | Denpasar 덴파사르 Denpasareu, Ahmad 아맛 Amat, Idris 이드리스 Ideuriseu |
| f | ㅍ p | ㅂ p | Fuji 푸지 Puji, Arifin 아리핀 Aripin, Jusuf 유숩 Yusup |
| g | ㄱ g | ㄱ k, 그 geu | gamelan 가믈란 gameullan, gudeg 구득 gudeuk, Nugroho 누그로호 Nugeuroho |
| h | — | — | Halmahera 할마헤라 Halmahera, Johor 조호르 Johoreu, Ipoh 이포 Ipo |
| j | ㅈ j | 즈 jeu | Jambi 잠비 Jambi, Majapahit 마자파힛 Majapahit, mikraj 미크라즈 mikeurajeu |
| k | ㅋ k | ㄱ k, 크 keu | Kalimantan 칼리만탄 Kallimantan, batik 바틱 batik, Krakatau 크라카타우 Keurakatau |
| kh | ㅎ h | ㄱ k, 크 keu | khas 하스 haseu, akhbar 악바르 akbareu, Fakhrudin 파크루딘 Pakeurudin |
| l | ㄹ r, ㄹㄹ ll | ㄹ l | Lombok 롬복 Rombok, Palembang 팔렘방 Pallembang, Bangsal 방살 Bangsal |
| m | ㅁ m | ㅁ m | Maluku 말루쿠 Malluku, bemo 베모 bemo, Iram 이람 Iram |
| n | ㄴ n | ㄴ n | Nias 니아스 Niaseu, Sukarno 수카르노 Sukareuno, Prambanan 프람바난 Peurambanan |
| ng | 응 eung | ㅇ ng | Ngarai 응아라이 Eung’arai, bonang 보낭 bonang, Bandung 반둥 Bandung |
| p | ㅍ p | ㅂ p, 프 peu | Padang 파당 Padang, Yap 얍 Yap, Suprana 수프라나 Supeurana |
| q | ㅋ k | ㄱ k | furqan 푸르칸 pureukan, Taufiq 타우픽 Taupik |
| r | ㄹ r | 르 reu | ringgit 링깃 ringgit, Rendra 렌드라 Rendeura, asar 아사르 asareu |
| s | ㅅ s | 스 seu | Sabah 사바 Saba, Brastagi 브라스타기 Beuraseutagi, Gemas 게마스 Gemaseu |
| t | ㅌ t | ㅅ t, 트 teu | Timor 티모르 Timoreu, Jakarta 자카르타 Jakareuta, Rahmat 라맛 Ramat, Trisno 트리스노 Teuriseuno |
| v | ㅂ b | — | Valina 발리나 Ballina, Eva 에바 Eba, Lovina 로비나 Robina |
| x | ㅅ s | — | xenon 세논 senon |
| z | ㅈ j | 즈 jeu | zakat 자캇 jakat, Azlan 아즐란 Ajeullan, Haz 하즈 Hajeu |
Semivowel
| Letter | Hangul | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| w | 오 o, 우 u | Wamena 와메나 Wamena, Badawi 바다위 Badawi |
| y | 이 i | Yudhoyono 유도요노 Yudoyono, Surabaya 수라바야 Surabaya |
Vowels
| Letter | Hangul | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| a | 아 a | Ambon 암본 Ambon, sate 사테 sate, Pancasila 판차실라 Panchasilla |
| e | 에 e, 으 eu | Ende 엔데 Ende, Ampenan 암페난 Ampenan, Pane 파네 Pane, empat 음팟 eumpat, besar 브사르 beusareu, gendang 근당 geundang |
| i | 이 i | Ibrahim 이브라힘 Ibeurahim, Biak 비악 Biak, trimurti 트리무르티 teurimureuti |
| o | 오 o | Odalan 오달란 Odallan, Barong 바롱 Barong, komodo 코모도 komodo |
| u | 우 u | Ubud 우붓 Ubut, kulit 쿨릿 kullit, Dampu 담푸 Dampu |
Diphthongs
| Letter | Hangul | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| ai | 아이 au | ain 아인 ain, Rais 라이스 Raiseu, Jelai 즐라이 Jeullai |
| au | 아우 au | aula 아울라 aulla, Maumere 마우메레 Maumere, Riau 리아우 Riau |
| oi | 오이 oi | Amboina 암보이나 Amboina, boikot 보이콧 boikot |
Transcription of Malay/Indonesian
This is an unofficial translation. See the original in Korean on the National Institute of the Korean Language website.Follow the table and transcribe according to the following specificities.
-
- Write plosives before liquids and nasals with 으 eu attached.
- Prambanan 프람바난 Peurambanan
- Trisno 트리스노 Teuriseuno
- Ibrahim 이브라힘 Ibeurahim
- Fakhrudin 파크루딘 Pakeurudin
- Tasikmalaya 타시크말라야 Tasikeumallaya
- Supratman 수프라트만 Supeurateuman
- Write plosives before liquids and nasals with 으 eu attached.
-
- Write ‘sy’ as 샤 sya, 셰 sye, 시 si, 쇼 syo, 슈 syu, etc. combined with the following vowel. Write ‘sh’ in the old spelling the same way as ‘sy’.
- Syarwan 샤르완 Syareuwan
- Paramesywara 파라메시와라 Paramesiwara
- Syed 솃 Syet
- Shah 샤 Sya
- Write ‘sy’ as 샤 sya, 셰 sye, 시 si, 쇼 syo, 슈 syu, etc. combined with the following vowel. Write ‘sh’ in the old spelling the same way as ‘sy’.
-
- Write ‘dj’ and ‘tj’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘j, c’ in the new spelling.
- Djakarta 자카르타 Jakareuta
- Jakarta 자카르타 Jakareuta
- Banda Atjeh 반다아체 Bandaache
- Banda Aceh 반다아체 Bandaache
- Write ‘dj’ and ‘tj’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘j, c’ in the new spelling.
-
- Write ‘j’ and ‘sj’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘y, sy’ in the new spelling.
- Jusuf 유숩 Yusup
- Yusuf 유숩 Yusup
- Sjarifuddin 샤리푸딘 Syaripudin
- Syarifuddin 샤리푸딘 Syaripudin
- Write ‘j’ and ‘sj’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘y, sy’ in the new spelling.
-
- Write ‘bh’ and ‘dh’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘b, d’ in the new spelling.
- Bhinneka 비네카 Bineka
- Binneka 비네카 Bineka
- Yudhoyono 유도요노 Yudoyono
- Yudoyono 유도요노 Yudoyono
- Write ‘bh’ and ‘dh’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘b, d’ in the new spelling.
-
- Write ‘ch’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘kh’ in the new spelling.
- Chairil 하이릴 Hairil
- Khairil 하이릴 Hairil
- Bacharuddin 바하루딘 Baharudin
- Bakharuddin 바하루딘 Baharudin
- Write ‘ch’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘kh’ in the new spelling.
-
- Write ‘ch’ in the old Malay spelling the same way as ‘c’ in the new spelling.
- Changi 창이 Chang’i
- Cangi 창이 Chang’i
- Kuching 쿠칭 Kuching
- Kucing 쿠칭 Kuching
- Write ‘ch’ in the old Malay spelling the same way as ‘c’ in the new spelling.
-
- Write ‘gh, th’ of Malay spelling the same way as ‘g, t’.
- Ghazali 가잘리 Gajalli
- baligh 발릭 ballik
- Mahathir 마하티르 Mahatireu (Malay spelling)
- Gazali 가잘리 Gajalli
- balig 발릭 ballik
- Mahatir 마하티르 Mahatireu (Indonesian spelling)
- Write ‘gh, th’ of Malay spelling the same way as ‘g, t’.
-
- Write word-medial ‘l’ as ㄹㄹ ll before a vowel.
- Palembang 팔렘방 Pallembang
- Malik 말릭 Mallik
- Write word-medial ‘l’ as ㄹㄹ ll before a vowel.
-
- When a consonant is doubled, write it only once.
- Hasanuddin 하사누딘 Hasanudin
- Mohammad 모하맛 Mohamat
- Mappanre 마판레 Mapan-re → Mapalle
- Bukittinggi 부키팅기 Bukitinggi
- When a consonant is doubled, write it only once.
-
- Write the semivowel ‘w’ as 와 wa, 웨 we, etc. combined with the following vowel. When [w] comes after a consonant, divide them into two syllables, but if the consonant ‘k’ is in front then write together as one syllable, as 콰 kwa, 퀘 kwe, etc.
- Megawati 메가와티 Megawati
- Anwar 안와르 Anwareu
- kwartir 콰르티르 kwareutireu
- kweni 퀘니 kweni
- Write the semivowel ‘w’ as 와 wa, 웨 we, etc. combined with the following vowel. When [w] comes after a consonant, divide them into two syllables, but if the consonant ‘k’ is in front then write together as one syllable, as 콰 kwa, 퀘 kwe, etc.
-
- Write the semivowel ‘y’ as 야 ya, 예 ye, etc. combined with the following vowel, and if there is a preceding consonant, combine with that consonant as well. However, if ‘g’ or ‘k’ comes before ‘y’, do not combine and only combine with the following vowel.
- Yadnya 야드냐 Yadeunya
- tanya 타냐 tanya
- satya 사탸 satya
- Yogyakarta 욕야카르타 Yok-yakareuta → Yogyakareuta
- Write the semivowel ‘y’ as 야 ya, 예 ye, etc. combined with the following vowel, and if there is a preceding consonant, combine with that consonant as well. However, if ‘g’ or ‘k’ comes before ‘y’, do not combine and only combine with the following vowel.
-
- As ‘e’ can be either [e] or [ə], verify the pronunciation and write [e] as 에 e and [ə] as 으 eu. However, when the ‘e’ in ‘ye’ is [ə], write the ‘ye’ as 여 yeo.
- Ampenan 암페난 Ampenan
- sate 사테 sate
- Cirebon 치르본 Chireubon
- kecapi 크차피 keuchapi
- Yeh Sani 예사니 Yesani
- Nyepi 녀피 Nyeopi
- As ‘e’ can be either [e] or [ə], verify the pronunciation and write [e] as 에 e and [ə] as 으 eu. However, when the ‘e’ in ‘ye’ is [ə], write the ‘ye’ as 여 yeo.
-
- When a vowel is doubled, write it only once.
- Pandaan 판단 Pandan
- saat 삿 sat
- When a vowel is doubled, write it only once.
-
- Write the vowel digraphs ‘oe, ie’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘u, i’ in the new spelling, as 우 u, 이 i.
- Bandoeng 반둥 Bandung
- Bandung 반둥 Bandung
- Habibie 하비비 Habibi
- Habibi 하비비 Habibi
- Write the vowel digraphs ‘oe, ie’ in the old Indonesian spelling the same way as ‘u, i’ in the new spelling, as 우 u, 이 i.
Loanword Transcription Rules |